For corn, the 2016/17 harvested area and yield were adjusted upward slightly and the increase in stocks was adjusted upward accordingly. The CASDE authors say some corn blown over by storms was actually harvested and some corn performed better than expected in the late growing stage. They emphasize that 2016/17 corn production is still at a historically high level even though it is down from 2015/16. CASDE expects corn stocks to increase in 2016/17 by 5.1 mmt. For soybeans, a slight increase in seed use is incorporated to reflect an increase in soybean plantings this year.
| China corn supply and demand (Ministry of Ag, Jan 2017) | ||||
| Item | Unit | 2015/16 | 2016/17 Dec. | 2016/17 Jan |
| Planted area | 1000 ha | 38,117 | 36,026 | 36,026 |
| Harvested area | 1000 ha | 38,117 | 36,016 | 36,021 |
| Yield | Kg/ha | 5,892 | 5,960 | 5,978 |
| Production | MMT | 224.58 | 214.65 | 215.33 |
| Imports | MMT | 3.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Consumption | MMT | 194.05 | 210.72 | 210.72 |
| --Food | MMT | 7.65 | 7.82 | 7.82 |
| --Feed | MMT | 121.01 | 133.53 | 133.53 |
| --Industrial use | MMT | 54.17 | 57.75 | 57.75 |
| --Seed | MMT | 1.66 | 1.61 | 1.61 |
| Loss and other | MMT | 9.56 | 10.01 | 10.01 |
| Exports | MMT | 0.01 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Surplus | MMT | 33.73 | 4.43 | 5.11 |
Perhaps the most interesting aspect of the report is that MOA has not adopted official National Bureau of Statistics estimates of 2015 corn production and area published in the Bureau's 2016 China Statistical Yearbook (released several months ago and now available on the web site). The MOA report still contains preliminary 2015/16 NBS corn estimates from the Statistical Abstract released in May 2016. The difference in the numbers is tiny and inconsequential, so this probably reflects MOA's lack of attention to detail rather than disagreement with the NBS numbers. More significantly, MOA has not adopted the NBS estimates of corn production, area, or yield for 2016/17 that were released in the NBS communique on grain production released last month. MOA has a larger decrease in corn area and corn production than NBS's number, which may reflect MOA's confidence in the Ministry's structural adjustment program to reduce corn in 2016. MOA's 2016/17 corn yield is 5 kg higher than NBS's. MOA estimates 2016/17 corn output at 215 mmt, but NBS estimated 219.55 mmt.
MOA's estimate of domestic corn prices was kept steady at 1500-1650 yuan/mt. However, the latest reports on the MOA web site say the average price at ports in northeast China has fallen to 1470-1480 yuan. Prices in Heilongjiang have fallen below 1400 yuan. The price at southern ports is in the range of 1560 to 1620 yuan /mt ($226-$235).
MOA estimates corn imports at 1 mmt for both 2015/16 and 216/17. Corn imports have slowed to a trickle since June 2017. Nearly all corn imports since June have been small border trade shipments from Laos and Myanmar. There have been only a few small shipments of corn from the United States and no Ukraine shipments since August.
Interestingly, CASDE's 2016/17 soybean import estimate of 85.3 mmt nearly matches its estimate of crushing use. Its estimate of domestic production (12.5 mmt) plus the drawdown of stocks (-2.2 mmt) almost matches the sum of food (11.18 mmt), seed (.61 mmt) and loss (2.48 mmt). This implies a bifurcated market in which nearly all crushing demand is met by imports and (nearly?) all food processing use is met by domestic soybeans.This may explain why such a differential between domestic soybean prices (4450-4650 yuan/mt) and imported soybean prices (3250-3450 yuan/mt) can persist--domestic soybeans get a 35-37 percent premium because they are non-GMO and for food use.
| China soybean supply and demand (Ministry of Ag, Jan 2017) | ||||
| Item | Unit | 2015/16 | 2016/17 Dec | 2016/17 Jan |
| Planted area | 1000 ha | 6,590 | 7,156 | 7,156 |
| Harvested area | 1000 ha | 6,590 | 7,150 | 7,150 |
| Yield | Kg/ha | 1,762 | 1,748 | 1,748 |
| Production | MMT | 11.6 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| Imports | MMT | 83.23 | 85.31 | 85.31 |
| Consumption | MMT | 96.67 | 99.72 | 99.77 |
| --Crushing | MMT | 82.89 | 85.50 | 85.50 |
| --Food | MMT | 10.35 | 11.18 | 11.18 |
| --Seed | MMT | 0.54 | 0.56 | 0.61 |
| Loss and other | MMT | 2.89 | 2.48 | 2.48 |
| Exports | MMT | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Surplus | MMT | -1.9 | -2.1 | -2.2 |
| China cotton supply and demand (Ministry of Ag, Jan 2017) | ||||
| Item | Unit | 2015/16 | 2016/17 Dec | 2016/17 Jan |
| Begin inventory | MMT | 12.8 | 11.11 | 11.11 |
| Planted area | 1000 ha | 3,267 | 3,100 | 3,100 |
| Yield | Kg/ha | 1,510 | 1,523 | 1,523 |
| Production | MMT | 4.93 | 4.72 | 4.72 |
| Imports | MMT | 0.96 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
| Consumption | MMT | 7.54 | 7.54 | 7.54 |
| Exports | MMT | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| End Inventory | MMT | 11.13 | 9.18 | 9.18 |
| China edible oils supply and demand (Min Agriculture, Jan 2017) | |||||
| Item | Unit | 2015/16 | 2016/17 Dec | 2016/17 Jan | |
| Production | MMT | 25.3 | 25.79 | 25.85 | |
| --Soy oil | MMT | 14.74 | 15.16 | 15.16 | |
| --Rapeseed oil | MMT | 5.6 | 5.55 | 5.61 | |
| --Peanut oil | MMT | 3.01 | 3.18 | 3.18 | |
| Imports | MMT | 5.81 | 5.55 | 5.65 | |
| --Palm oil | MMT | 3.39 | 3.20 | 3.3 | |
| --Rapeseed oil | MMT | 0.77 | 0.80 | 0.8 | |
| --Soy oil | MMT | 0.59 | 0.58 | 0.58 | |
| Consumption | MMT | 31.17 | 31.41 | 31.41 | |
| --Urban | MMT | 20.41 | 20.8 | 20.8 | |
| --Rural | MMT | 10.76 | 10.61 | 10.61 | |
| Exports | MMT | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.13 | |
| Surplus | MMT | -0.17 | -0.20 | -0.04 | |
| China sugar supply and demand (Ministry of Ag, Jan 2017) | |||
| Item | Unit | 2015/16 | 2016/17 |
| Planted area | 1000 ha | 1423 | 1433 |
| --sugar cane | 1000 ha | 1295 | 1270 |
| --sugar beets | 1000 ha | 128 | 163 |
| Yield | |||
| --sugar cane | MT/ha | 60.3 | 60 |
| --sugar beets | MT/ha | 53.85 | 52.5 |
| Sugar output | MMT | 8.7 | 9.9 |
| --sugar cane | MMT | 7.85 | 8.85 |
| --sugar beets | MMT | 0.85 | 1.05 |
| Imports | MMT | 3.73 | 3.5 |
| Consumption | MMT | 15.2 | 15 |
| Exports | MMT | 0.15 | 0.07 |
| Surplus | MMT | -2.92 | -1.67 |
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