China's media manipulation in the open

In a visit to the offices of Farmers Daily, last week China's Agriculture Minister instructed the news media outlet to shape public opinion in order to promote the Chinese communist party's rural revitalization policies. His instructions reveal the game plan for China's use of journalism to manipulate public opinion and render its news outlets irrelevant to everyone except party officials. 

Agriculture Minister Han Jun instructed Farmers Daily staff to publicize the Party Central Committee's rural policies and to explain and preach (宣讲) General Secretary Xi Jinping's important discourses on rural issues. The paper must deepen its comprehensive and strict governance by the party and integrate political consciousness into all speaking and writing. Han reminded the staff that "it is necessary to carefully guide public opinion" on rural issues. 

China's Minister of Agriculture inspects Farmers Daily's use of new media
to issue communist party propaganda. Source: MARA Press Office.

Rural officials are Farmers Daily's main readers. Han pointed out that it is especially important that party cadres in the rural system need an accurate understanding and grasp of the party's "historic achievements." Han explained that cadres need to know the specific requirements, bottom lines and "red lines" of rural policy so they can implement and spread the policies.

Reporting should manipulate events to "tell the story of rural revitalization in the new era," Han told Farmers Daily staff. In other words, they should show that the party's rural policies are succeeding. When investigating "hot events" they should do a good job in refuting "rumors." "Correct orientation and content are king," Han said.

Han told the journalists they should stay in touch with farmers by talking with them and eating with them so they don't become too distant from their interests. They should give farmers a voice and be aware of public concerns. 

Today's Farmers Daily web site is entirely filled with propaganda as instructed by the minister. It features a banner on Xi Jinping's important discourse on rural work, another on studying Xi Jinping's thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and 4 more Xi articles. The news feed includes Xi's "big food concept" of diversifying food sources, China on the brink of becoming an "agricultural power", Xi's inspection of Lanzhou City, a beautiful woman teaching children to make mooncakes, the bumper corn harvest in a county of Henan Province, rural industry in Xinjiang, the achievements of building 10 billion mu of high-standard fields, etc. The Statistics Bureau says the fall harvest is normal, pig farms are returning to profitability, and a good oilseed harvest is expected in Hebei Province.

An example of an article directed at local officials is "Why we need to establish a coordinated compensation mechanism between grain producing areas and grain consuming areas." No one else would be interested in reading this turgid article that quotes a central communist party decision and recites grain output and land statistics to explain why rich provinces need to pay poor provinces. The article's purpose is to prod officials in grain-consuming provinces to support the program. Another article warns local officials not to use public funds for banqueting during this week's moon festival by detailing 3 cases of officials in Yunnan Province who were arrested for "illegal eating and drinking."  

Typhoons in eastern China appear to be actual news of interest to farmers, but the article on this topic is buried in the web page and focuses on video conferences held by government departments and their deployment of personnel to prevent floods.

Even articles that appear to reveal scandals are carefully manipulated to show the communist party as problem solver while evil lawbreakers and corrupt local officials--usually in small obscure cities--are always the villains.

Last month "Egg World" released a report about antibiotic-laced eggs sold in Linhai City of Zhejiang Province that had residues of 4 antibiotics that were 40 times the allowable amount. Testing by market supervision authorities in Linhai in September 2023 discovered the "problem eggs," and authorities traced them back to a chicken farming cooperative in Liaoning Province who had supplied a dealer in Linhai. The eggs were accompanied by a fake testing report that declared them free of antibiotics. The agriculture ministry declared that testing did not comply with their standards. By July 11 people had been prosecuted, including egg farmers and dealers, according to the report.

The report on eggs did not mention that China's agriculture ministry has been trying to cut back on excessive antibiotic use in poultry and livestock for at least 7 years and banned use of antibiotics in feed 4 years ago. Nor did the report wonder if the Liaoning farms who sold eggs to Linhai--the two places are over 2000 km apart--might have supplied many other locations. Nor did they question whether other farms might also be abusing antibiotics. Indeed, the real purpose of the article may have been to "kill the chicken to scare the monkey" to send a message to local officials, farmers and egg dealers; the government has noticed that the bans on antibiotics are widely violated, local officials had better crack down on it, and there will be punishments for violators.

A July 2 report by The Beijing News (Xinjing Bao, run by the Beijing communist party's propaganda department), caused a stir when it reported that a tanker truck hauled petrochemicals across the country, then filled them with vegetable oil to haul back to their origin without cleaning the truck. The reporter claimed to have followed a tanker truck across the country from Xi'an to Hebei Province and back again. It was said that the practice hauling food-grade oil in chemical trucks without cleaning was an "open secret" in the industry. 

In August another party-controlled media outlet, China Central TV, published an "investigation" of the dirty cooking oil trucks apparently meant to tamp down the latest food safety scandal. CCTV mostly regurgitated the same material that was in the original report and blamed cost-cutting drivers and lack of cleaning facilities. The communist party itself was not blamed. CCTV blamed inept municipal officials and "extremely bad illegal behavior" by truck and warehouse owners. The government was presented as a hero by reporting that it arrested and prosecuted 5 people found responsible, listing laws and regulations violated, promising to require trucks be dedicated to transporting vegetable oil and stepping up enforcement of regulations. While the original report said the practice of contaminated vegetable oil trucks was an "open secret", the August report pronounced that no other cases of dirty trucks were found.

The absence of news media reports on a problem does not mean it has gone away. There were many news media reports of farmers feeding restaurant waste to pigs until 2020 when it was blamed for spreading African swine fever and consequently banned. Since 2020 there have been no news media reports of swill feeding. Does that mean the problem has been wiped out by the ban? Probably not. Indeed, it may be encouraged: a commentary in Economic Daily last week reported new efforts to promote use of table scraps to feed livestock as a strategy for reducing use of soybean meal in feed. This year news media have been reporting on China's exports of "gutter oil" to the United States for use as biofuel. Gutter oil is usually obtained by cooking down restaurant waste, the process that produces swill used for feeding pigs. 

Now that most foreign journalists have been kicked out of China, the communist party media are the only ones left to "tell China's story." And that may be by design. We are returning to the Mao era when we knew nothing of China except what the communist party wants us to know. During the 1960s journalists and diplomats used to watch China from Hong Kong, try to interpret newspapers and interview refugees, but now even Hong Kong is not available.

African ag ministers discuss China ag collaboration

China's agriculture minister met with African counterparts to jumpstart promises of agricultural aid made at the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation held in Beijing last week. While 50 African nations attended the Forum where agriculture was a featured item, China's Minister of Agriculture Han Jun met with only 5 agriculture and fisheries ministers. One agreement was signed and one was discussed.

"Accelerating agricultural modernization in Africa" was chapter 6 of The Beijing Action Plan (2025-2027) released by China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the Forum, encompassing about 4 of the Plan's 70 pages. It includes sections on science and technology, poverty reduction and rural development, and food aid. 

The document calls for achieving "agricultural modernization" in Africa. China has been pursuing agricultural modernization since the 1950s and still hasn't achieved it (judging from many Chinese documents that still call for pursing agricultural modernization). China promises to send its companies to produce fertilizer, pesticides, and small agricultural machinery to help Africa pursue "import substitution." The document includes many of the same items featured in Chinese agricultural policy documents such as raising productivity, reducing costs, building agro-eco-tourism parks, improving soil health, water-saving irrigation, reducing food loss, e-commerce, development of geographic indicators, and prevention and reduction of natural disasters. 

China pledged to build remote sensing centers, earth science laboratories and meteorological stations in Africa (at least one recent Chinese document included an aspiration to develop its own systems for remote sensing and other agricultural monitoring data). China plans to help Africa with rice value chains and new varieties of cassava (China is the world's leading importer of both rice and cassava, but China doesn't import either commodity from Africa).

The document affirmed the goal of African agricultural exports to China reaching $20 billion by 2030 (set at a forum last year). Least Developed Countries will have tariffs cut to zero; China pledges collaboration between African free trade zones and Chinese tariff-free zones; and will cooperate on agricultural product inspection and quarantine. China will encourage new foreign direct investment in Africa's agricultural sector.

China promised initiatives for safe drinking water and health of rural women and children in Africa. Africans should be aware that no drinking water in China is safe and should read the book Invisible China which finds poor nutritional and educational status for rural children in China.

On September 3--before the big meeting--Chinese Minister of Agriculture Han Jun met with agriculture ministers of Burundi, South Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, and the Fisheries Minister of Sierra Leone to promise aid and cooperation. Few specifics were reported by China's Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, but areas of cooperation broadly corresponded to those included in the Action Plan. 

China promised to send more foreign experts to Burundi and promised collaboration between Chinese and Burundi companies on seed production, agricultural machinery assembly and maintenance, and agricultural product processing. The Chinese and Burundi ministers signed a memorandum of understanding on agricultural cooperation. 

Democratic Republic of Congo's minister was eager to conclude a memorandum of understanding on agricultural cooperation with China asap. He hopes China's assistance can improve yields of corn, rice and other grains and boost industries with local features. 

In his meeting with the Ugandan minister China's ag minister promised to follow up on pledges of agricultural cooperation made by top leaders of the two countries. The Ugandan minister highlighted agricultural research and training exchanges as a priority. 

China and South Africa will pursue capacity building, animal disease prevention and control, poverty reduction, and support scientific research institutions. The South African minister was receptive to more practical cooperation in agriculture.

Sierra Leone's minister of fisheries pronounced her country's cooperation on fisheries with China as having a "good foundation" in her meeting with Han Jun. This may have been an awkward meeting since news media have reported complaints of overfishing and invasion of Sierra Leone's territorial waters by Chinese fishing trawlers. Even Sierra Leone's president has made this issue a priority. Sierra Leone's minister nevertheless thanked the Chinese government for its assistance in fishery construction and welcomed more Chinese companies to invest in Sierra Leone. The report of the meeting did not include any comments from China's minister.

Lower prices for China's harvest in 2024

With Chinese farm prices down 10-to-18 percent from a year ago, the upcoming fall harvest looks set to deal a painful blow Chinese farmers' earnings. 

Weekly prices from China's National Grain and Commodity Reserves Administration show the late-August 2024 procurement price for corn at RMB 2306 per metric ton, down 18 percent from a year ago. The collapse of Chinese corn prices occurred during last year's peak marketing season, from September 2023 to February 2024. Corn prices weakened again last month as the new corn procurement season approaches, suggesting that growers of China's largest crop may get hammered when they sell their grain this fall. 

Compiled from China National Grain and Commodity Reserves Administration.

Chinese soybean prices are down for the second year in a row. The average domestic soybean procurement price was RMB 4649 per metric ton at the end of August, down about 10 percent from a year ago. Chinese soybean prices fell during the last two marketing seasons. This year's August price is 23 percent below the peak in 2021/22.

Compiled from China National Grain and Commodity Reserves Administration.

The wheat marketing season is winding down. Chinese wheat prices have been on a 4-month slide since the 2024/25 marketing season began in May. The average August 2024 wheat price of RMB 2463 per metric ton is down 14 percent from a year ago. Chinese wheat prices are down 24 percent from their peak in December 2022. 

Compiled from China National Grain and Commodity Reserves Administration.

Chinese rapeseed is also in the midst of its marketing season. Rapeseed prices averaged RMB 5960 per metric ton in August, down 9 percent from a year ago. Rapeseed prices began their decline in April-June 2023, fell again this past spring, and August 2024 prices are down 12 percent from their peak two years ago. 

Compiled from China National Grain and Commodity Reserves Administration.

Declining prices and revenues could mean that many farmers do not cover their costs this year. China's official cost and returns survey shows that corn was profitable in 2021 and 2022. However, the decline in prices this year likely will fall below production cost for corn. 

Compiled from China National Development and Reform Commission
agricultural product cost and returns data.

Chinese officials are likely quite nervous. City people are already growing impatient with the collapse of the property sector, economic mismanagement, unemployment, and the zero-covid debacle. The prospect of disgruntled farmers and rural uprisings could bring the situation to the boiling point. 

Moreover, Chinese officials worry that losses on this year's crops could prompt farmers to abandon fields, threatening national food security. Their soybean and rapeseed recovery plan has led to plummeting prices for both oilseeds.  

Officials are likely to clamp down on wheat and corn quotas to limit imports in the hope of goosing prices upward. Low rapeseed prices surely were a partial motivation for China's announcement this week of an antidumping probe of Canadian canola. Watch for new antidumping probes and discoveries of contaminants and phantom GMOs, or substandard imports as officials try to boost prices for the upcoming harvest.